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Yin Yang

Taoists' Taijitu

The concept of Yin Yang originates from ancient Chinese philosophy, most likely from the observations of day turning into night and night into day. The characters for yin (? or ?, pinyin: y?n) and yang (? or ? yáng) can be broken down and very roughly translated into the shady side of the hill (yin), and the bright side of the hill (yang). The meaning of these characters, necessarily, has more than just one connotation. Because yang means the "sunny side of the hill", it corresponds to the day and more active functions. Whereas yin, meaning the "shady side of the hill", correspondes to night and less active functions. Therefore, Yin and Yang can be compared in the following chart:

Yin Yang

moon sun

night day

dark light

cool warm

rest active

feminine masculine

north south

west east

winter summer

autumn spring

right left

introversion extroversion

earth heaven

It is possible to also look at yin and yang is through flow of time. Noon, is full yang, sunset is yang turning to yin; midnight is full yin and sunrise is yin turning to yang. This flow of time can also be expressed for seasonal changes and directions. South and summer are full yang; west and autumn are yang turning to yin; north and winter are full yin, and east and spring are yin turning into yang.

Yin and yang can also be seen as a process of transformation which describes the changes between the phases of a cycle. For example, cold water (yin) can be boiled and eventually turn into steam (yang).

One way to write the symbols for yin and yang are a solid line (yang) and a broken line (yin) which could be divided into the four stages of Yin and Yang and further divided into the eight trigrams (these trigrams are used on the South Korean flag).

Principles

Everything can be described as yin or yang

1. Yin and yang are opposites.

Everything has an opposite. Though it is never absolute, only comparitive. However, no one thing is completely yin or completely yang. It contains the seed for it's opposite. For example, cold can turn into hot; "what goes up must come down".

2. Yin and yang are interdependent.

One cannot exist without the other. For example, day cannot exist without night.

3. Yin and yang can be further subdivided into yin and yang.

Any yin or yang aspect can be further subdivided into yin and yang. Take temperature for example. It can be considered hot or cold, but can also be further divided into warm and burning, or cool and icy.

4. Yin and yang consume and support each other.

Yin and yang are constantly kept in balance. As one increases, the other decreases. However, imbalances can occur. There are four possible imbalances: Excess yin, excess yang, yin defeciency, yang deficiency.

5. Yin and yang can transform into one another.

At a particular stage, yin can transform into yang and vice versa. For example, night changes to day ; heat turns to cool; life changes to death.

References

1. Nei Jing (Yellow Emperor's Classic of Medicine)

2. Ted J. Kaptchuk, OMD. "The Web that has No Weaver" McGraw-Hill 2000 ISBN 0-8092-2840-8

3. Maciocia, Giovanni "The Foundations of CHines Medicine" Churchill-Linvingstone 1989 ISBN 0-443-03980-1

Examples

Yin and yang can also be used (in conjunction with other characters) to indicate various parts of the male and female anatomy.

A modern example:

Yin: the traffic light on the road (the stillness)

Yang: the traffic that flows past that traffic light (activity)

Some Chinese, Korean and Japanese placenames that still exist are named in the following principle:

Yin: the shady north side of the mountain, the south side of the river..

Yang: the sunny south side of the mountain, the north side of the river.

While yin dominates femininity and yang masculinity, according to Traditional Chinese Medicine, within the body of either sex, there are still traces of both elements. As a result, an imbalance of the yin-yang ratio can cause illness. This is not to say that everyone should have exactly half of each; every individual needs to find this balance depending on their own constitution, climate, season, occupation and even emotional environment. If in perfect health, the individual should be able to adapt to any inevitable changes.

Together, the symbolic colours of yin and yang, black (symbolising darkness, the absence of light) and white (symbolising light) respectively, are combined into a circle that symbolizes Taoism for many: the tàijítú (???), often known as the T'ai Chi symbol or the Pictogram of the Supreme Ultimate. Its Unicode code is U+262F (?)

Taoist philosophy is applied to metaphor and is used to describe thereby the dynamic complexities of the human body's organic processes in traditional Chinese medicine as well as the complexities of human personality (Chinese astrology), nothing in the universe is completely yin or completely yang - everything is a mixture of Yin and Yang. The Yin Yang symbol contains two smaller circles: a small circle of Yin inside the Yang, and a small circle inside the Yin. Often misunderstood, these important circles reinforce the circular nature of the philosophy by symbolizing another Taoist tenet: one extreme will always change into its opposite, so that extreme yang turns into yin and vice versa. This is also symbolized in the yin-yang symbol by the shape of the outer swooshes, which appear to be moving, one into the other. This principle has been extended into the physical realm of full and empty, hard and soft, active and receptive, etc.

Over the centuries, the study of the interplay between these principles has also led to the formulation and refinement of several systems of self-defense across East Asia.[img][/img]